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Can lifestyle affect dementia? Results from a study on Indigenous people of Bolivia
Tsimane and Moseten Amerindians have one of the lowest number of dementia cases worldwide, and the cases are mild.
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The aging process increases the risk of many conditions, one of which is dementia. The leading cause of the said condition is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Epidemiological data reveal that dementia prevalence is between 8% and 11% in individuals aged 65 years and older in high-income countries. This prevalence increases exponentially with age.
Results from a systematic review of 15 studies performed in rural areas on indigenous populations in Australia, North America, Guam, and Brazil revealed a significant variation in the rate of dementia. The prevalence of dementia in those aged 65 years and older in the said population ranged from 0.5% to 20%. Comparison to available data on non-indigenous populations showed that dementia was higher in indigenous populations. This was attributed to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, mental health conditions, and other factors. Evidence highlights that all these reasons are modifiable risk factors for dementia.
Gatz et al. initiated a study to test their hypothesis that Tsimane and Moseten Amerindians (indigenous groups of people from Bolivia) will show a low prevalence of AD and related dementias. The authors chose the said populations because they are known to have low rates of coronary heart diseases, atrial fibrillation, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and smoking. In addition, they maintain a high level of physical activity combined with a diet that is low in carbohydrates and fat. The latter is possibly attributed to their lifestyle, which demands physical activity and in which diet depends on fishing, hunting, and farming.
Their study revealed that the crude prevalence of dementia in the studied indigenous populations aged 60 years and above was 0.6% and 1.2% in the Tsimane and Moseten, respectively. In addition, the dementia cases were mild and diagnosed at the age of 80 years or above. Across the study population, the number of dementia cases was similar between males and females. The authors highlighted that the number of dementia cases is among the lowest worldwide. In addition, they were able to identify a new phenotype of dementia that was not reported previously. The latter was associated with prominent medial arterial calcifications affecting the intracranial internal carotid, vertebral, and lenticulostriate arteries.
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The aging process increases the risk of many conditions, one of which is dementia. The leading cause of the said condition is Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Epidemiological data reveal that dementia prevalence is between 8% and 11% in individuals aged 65 years and older in high-income countries. This prevalence increases exponentially with age.
Results from a systematic review of 15 studies performed in rural areas on indigenous populations in Australia, North America, Guam, and Brazil revealed a significant variation in the rate of dementia. The prevalence of dementia in those aged 65 years and older in the said population ranged from 0.5% to 20%. Comparison to available data on non-indigenous populations showed that dementia was higher in indigenous populations. This was attributed to diabetes, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, mental health conditions, and other factors. Evidence highlights that all these reasons are modifiable risk factors for dementia.
Gatz et al. initiated a study to test their hypothesis that Tsimane and Moseten Amerindians (indigenous groups of people from Bolivia) will show a low prevalence of AD and related dementias. The authors chose the said populations because they are known to have low rates of coronary heart diseases, atrial fibrillation, type-2 diabetes, obesity, and smoking. In addition, they maintain a high level of physical activity combined with a diet that is low in carbohydrates and fat. The latter is possibly attributed to their lifestyle, which demands physical activity and in which diet depends on fishing, hunting, and farming.
Their study revealed that the crude prevalence of dementia in the studied indigenous populations aged 60 years and above was 0.6% and 1.2% in the Tsimane and Moseten, respectively. In addition, the dementia cases were mild and diagnosed at the age of 80 years or above. Across the study population, the number of dementia cases was similar between males and females. The authors highlighted that the number of dementia cases is among the lowest worldwide. In addition, they were able to identify a new phenotype of dementia that was not reported previously. The latter was associated with prominent medial arterial calcifications affecting the intracranial internal carotid, vertebral, and lenticulostriate arteries.
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Dr. Ana Baroni MD. Ph.D.
Scientific & Medical Advisor
Quality Garant
Ana has over 20 years of consultancy experience in longevity, regenerative and precision medicine. She has a multifaceted understanding of genomics, molecular biology, clinical biochemistry, nutrition, aging markers, hormones and physical training. This background allows her to bridge the gap between longevity basic sciences and evidence-based real interventions, putting them into the clinic, to enhance the healthy aging of people. She is co-founder of Origen.life, and Longevityzone. Board member at Breath of Health, BioOx and American Board of Clinical Nutrition. She is Director of International Medical Education of the American College of Integrative Medicine, Professor in IL3 Master of Longevity at Barcelona University and Professor of Nutrigenomics in Nutrition Grade in UNIR University.
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