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Hypertension and cognitive decline: Establishing a connection
In one large study, participants were found to have a significantly higher risk of dementia if they developed prehyperte
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Dementia is a serious condition with a burden extending beyond the patient to the society. In 2015, the number of people living with dementia was 47 million. This number is expected to almost triple in 2050 to reach 135 million. Research has established a correlation between midlife and late-life hypertension and dementia. In one large study that lasted for over two decades and assessed over 15,700 subjects, participants were found to have a significantly higher risk of dementia if they developed prehypertension or hypertension at midlife. Results of this trial were consolidated by other large trials like the Framingham Offspring Study and the Whitehall II cohort study, in addition to a large meta-analysis.
With regard to the benefits associated with the use of antihypertensive medications, results from available research are conflicting. Data from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) study highlighted significant benefits of intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in reducing the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in participants aged ≥50 years. In contrast, results from the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) trial found that reducing systolic BP (SBP) did not affect the cognitive decline in older subjects.
To assess the correlation between hypertension, its treatment, and mild cognitive impairment in older women aged 65-79 years, Liu et al. performed an analysis of 7207 females using data from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Results of the study revealed a significant association between elevated SBP, pulse pressure (PP), and mild cognitive loss and impairment. Cognitive loss in the study is defined as the combined endpoint of either mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia or both. Across a mean of 11 years of follow-up, 15.7% of participants developed mild cognitive impairment, 10.3% developed dementia, and 21.3% developed cognitive loss. Subjects with controlled SBP (<120 mmHg) and PP (<50 mmHg) did not have an increased risk of cognitive loss or impairment compared with normotensive participants. The researchers concluded that intensive control of hypertension could preserve cognitive function in older females. Further research is warranted to confirm the link between strictly controlled SBP and PP and risk reduction of dementia.
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Dementia is a serious condition with a burden extending beyond the patient to the society. In 2015, the number of people living with dementia was 47 million. This number is expected to almost triple in 2050 to reach 135 million. Research has established a correlation between midlife and late-life hypertension and dementia. In one large study that lasted for over two decades and assessed over 15,700 subjects, participants were found to have a significantly higher risk of dementia if they developed prehypertension or hypertension at midlife. Results of this trial were consolidated by other large trials like the Framingham Offspring Study and the Whitehall II cohort study, in addition to a large meta-analysis.
With regard to the benefits associated with the use of antihypertensive medications, results from available research are conflicting. Data from the Systolic Blood Pressure Intervention Trial (SPRINT) study highlighted significant benefits of intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering in reducing the risk of cognitive impairment and dementia in participants aged ≥50 years. In contrast, results from the Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-3 (HOPE-3) trial found that reducing systolic BP (SBP) did not affect the cognitive decline in older subjects.
To assess the correlation between hypertension, its treatment, and mild cognitive impairment in older women aged 65-79 years, Liu et al. performed an analysis of 7207 females using data from the Women’s Health Initiative Memory Study. Results of the study revealed a significant association between elevated SBP, pulse pressure (PP), and mild cognitive loss and impairment. Cognitive loss in the study is defined as the combined endpoint of either mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia or both. Across a mean of 11 years of follow-up, 15.7% of participants developed mild cognitive impairment, 10.3% developed dementia, and 21.3% developed cognitive loss. Subjects with controlled SBP (<120 mmHg) and PP (<50 mmHg) did not have an increased risk of cognitive loss or impairment compared with normotensive participants. The researchers concluded that intensive control of hypertension could preserve cognitive function in older females. Further research is warranted to confirm the link between strictly controlled SBP and PP and risk reduction of dementia.
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Dr. Ana Baroni MD. Ph.D.
Scientific & Medical Advisor
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Ana has over 20 years of consultancy experience in longevity, regenerative and precision medicine. She has a multifaceted understanding of genomics, molecular biology, clinical biochemistry, nutrition, aging markers, hormones and physical training. This background allows her to bridge the gap between longevity basic sciences and evidence-based real interventions, putting them into the clinic, to enhance the healthy aging of people. She is co-founder of Origen.life, and Longevityzone. Board member at Breath of Health, BioOx and American Board of Clinical Nutrition. She is Director of International Medical Education of the American College of Integrative Medicine, Professor in IL3 Master of Longevity at Barcelona University and Professor of Nutrigenomics in Nutrition Grade in UNIR University.
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