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Physical activity and synaptic integrity: Results from a pioneering study in an elderly population
Physical activity may help build and maintain synaptic integrity, even at late stages of life.
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Physical activity (PA) during the late stages of life has been associated with improved brain and cognitive functions. Additionally, PA has also demonstrated positive effects on gray matter growth, a brain component that is structurally made of synapses, glial cells, and other parts. In contrast, inactivity has been linked to disorders that affect the brain and cognition, such as dementia. According to research, sedentary lifestyle accounted for 4 million dementia cases. Preservation of synaptic function is among the characteristics of individuals who display clinical resilience against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
In preclinical trials, PA has been associated with improved synaptogenesis. In one study, young and old rodents with access to a running wheel had an evident increase in dendritic tree complexity, synaptophysin (a presynaptic glycoprotein), calcium signaling, and brain-derived neurotropic factor. These beneficial effects can be extrapolated to disease models such as amyloidosis, tauopathy, and others.
To test the effect of PA on the synaptic biomarkers in the elderly brain, Casaletto et al. analyzed 404 participants from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. The participants completed annual actigraphy monitoring, a non-invasive technique that uses an accelerometer to objectively measure motor activity over a period of time, and underwent post-mortem evaluation. During the latter, brain tissue was analyzed for presynaptic proteins, including synaptophysin, synaptotagmin-1, vesicle-associated membrane protein, synaptosome-associated protein 25, syntaxin, and others. Results of the study revealed an association between PA and elevated levels of the aforementioned proteins. Moreover, the elevated levels of synaptic proteins were found to be equally distributed across brain regions; therefore, the effect cannot be attributed to a particular part. The authors concluded that there is a link between PA and levels of synaptic biomarkers in the human brain and that PA may help build and maintain synaptic integrity, even at late stages of life.
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Physical activity (PA) during the late stages of life has been associated with improved brain and cognitive functions. Additionally, PA has also demonstrated positive effects on gray matter growth, a brain component that is structurally made of synapses, glial cells, and other parts. In contrast, inactivity has been linked to disorders that affect the brain and cognition, such as dementia. According to research, sedentary lifestyle accounted for 4 million dementia cases. Preservation of synaptic function is among the characteristics of individuals who display clinical resilience against neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
In preclinical trials, PA has been associated with improved synaptogenesis. In one study, young and old rodents with access to a running wheel had an evident increase in dendritic tree complexity, synaptophysin (a presynaptic glycoprotein), calcium signaling, and brain-derived neurotropic factor. These beneficial effects can be extrapolated to disease models such as amyloidosis, tauopathy, and others.
To test the effect of PA on the synaptic biomarkers in the elderly brain, Casaletto et al. analyzed 404 participants from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. The participants completed annual actigraphy monitoring, a non-invasive technique that uses an accelerometer to objectively measure motor activity over a period of time, and underwent post-mortem evaluation. During the latter, brain tissue was analyzed for presynaptic proteins, including synaptophysin, synaptotagmin-1, vesicle-associated membrane protein, synaptosome-associated protein 25, syntaxin, and others. Results of the study revealed an association between PA and elevated levels of the aforementioned proteins. Moreover, the elevated levels of synaptic proteins were found to be equally distributed across brain regions; therefore, the effect cannot be attributed to a particular part. The authors concluded that there is a link between PA and levels of synaptic biomarkers in the human brain and that PA may help build and maintain synaptic integrity, even at late stages of life.
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Dr. Ana Baroni MD. Ph.D.
Scientific & Medical Advisor
Quality Garant
Ana has over 20 years of consultancy experience in longevity, regenerative and precision medicine. She has a multifaceted understanding of genomics, molecular biology, clinical biochemistry, nutrition, aging markers, hormones and physical training. This background allows her to bridge the gap between longevity basic sciences and evidence-based real interventions, putting them into the clinic, to enhance the healthy aging of people. She is co-founder of Origen.life, and Longevityzone. Board member at Breath of Health, BioOx and American Board of Clinical Nutrition. She is Director of International Medical Education of the American College of Integrative Medicine, Professor in IL3 Master of Longevity at Barcelona University and Professor of Nutrigenomics in Nutrition Grade in UNIR University.
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